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Une amulette (du latin amuletum, « façon de se protéger ») est un objet qu'on porte sur soi et auquel on accorde des vertus de protection et ou qui porte chance. Une amulette peut être un gemme, une statue, une pièce, un dessin, un pendentif, un anneau, une plante, un animal, un geste, etc. Même les mots peuvent dans certains cas être utilisés, ainsi « vade retro, Satanas », (latin « va-t-en, Satan ») pour chasser le Mal ou la malchance.

Les amulettes varient énormément selon le lieu et l'époque. Les symboles religieux en jouent souvent le rôle, que ce soit l'image d'un dieu ou un symbole représentant la divinité (comme la croix chrétienne ou l'œil d'Horus dans l'Égypte antique).

Chaque signe du zodiaque a un gemme associé qui sert d'amulette, mais celui-ci dépend des coutumes.

Les amulettes sont également liées à la démonologie et la sorcellerie, qui considèrent qu'une croix ou un pentagramme inversé facilite la communication avec les démons.

Les amulettes peuvent même être destinées à protéger un foyer, un immeuble ou même un village entier. Dans l'ancienne Babylone, on avait pour coutume de porter de minuscules cylindres d'argiles incrustés de pierres précieuses pour tenir à distance les mauvais esprits. Les Romains, quant à eux, collectionnaient les statues de Priape, le dieu de la Chance et de la Fertilité, et de nombreux Américains, aujourd'hui encore, accrochent des fers à cheval au dessus de leur porte pour se protéger de la malchance et des visiteurs indésirables.

D'aussi loin que nous pouvons remonter, toutes les sociétés avaient des amulettes. Les toutes premières n'étaient sans doute que des éclats de pierre ou de métal dont la forme et la couleur inhabituelles pouvaient suggérer des propriétés magiques (En Asie, en Inde et en Thaïlande, on utilise encore des fragments de corail rose pour se protéger du mauvais œil). Au fil du temps, il est devenu courant de fabriquer des amulettes en forme d'animaux, de symboles magiques ou encore des statuettes de dieux ou de déesses. Partout dans le monde, on retrouve des images de cornes, de mains (qui symbolisent la fertilité et la vie), ainsi que des yeux dessinés ou sculptés (qui suggère la vigilance éternelle). Parfois aussi sont gravés des formules magiques, des sorts et des noms de divinités.

Bien qu'elles aient du succès aux quatre coins du monde, on associe souvent les amulettes aux anciens Égyptiens, qui en portaient en toute occasion, jusque dans leur tombe! Il était courant d'enterrer une momie avec des dizaines d'amulettes en forme de scarabée. Ces petites figurines de pierre devaient empêcher l'âme du défunt d'être dévorée par Ammit. Il semblerait que, plus le défunt avait été un personnage important de son vivant, plus il emportait d'amulettes en scarabée avec lui dans sa tombe. Lorsque l'on découvrit le corps du pharaon Toutankhamon, en novembre 1922, plus de 140 scarabées étaient glissés dans les bandages qui l'enveloppaient! Mais les vivants aussi savaient s'entourer: les amulettes appelées ânkh (un hiéroglyphe symbolisant la vie) et oudjat (ou œil d'Horus) protégeaient de la mort, de la maladie et du mauvais œil.

Le pouvoir des amulettes n'est cependant pas perçu comme illimité. Par exemple, elles ne protègent que des dangers pour lesquels nous les avons conçues.

Il ne faut pas confondre les amulettes avec les talismans. Les talismans ont pour but d'obtenir des pouvoirs magiques offensifs, contrairement aux amulettes, qui visent à se protéger.


Amulets and talismans vary considerably according to their time and place of origin. In many societies, religious objects serve as amulets. A religious amulet might be the figure of a god or simply some symbol representing the deity (such as the cross for Christians or the "eye of Horus" for the ancient Egyptians). In Thailand one can commonly see people with more than one Buddha hanging from their necks; in Bolivia and some places in Argentina the god Ekeko furnishes a standard amulet, to whom one should offer at least one banknote to obtain fortune and welfare.

Every zodiacal sign corresponds to a gem that acts as an amulet, but these stones vary according to different traditions.

An ancient tradition in China involves capturing a cricket alive and keeping it in an osier box to attract good luck (this tradition extended to the Philippines). Chinese may also spread coins on the floor to attract money; rice also has a reputation as a carrier of good fortune.

Turtles and cactus can cause controversy, for while some people consider them beneficial, others think they delay everything in the house.

Since the Middle Ages in Western culture pentagrams have had a reputation as amulets to attract money, love, etc; and to protect against envy, misfortune, and other disgraces. Other symbols, such as magic squares, angelic signatures and qabalistic signs have been employed to a variety of ends, both benign and malicious.

The Jewish tradition is quite fascinating; examples of Solomon era amulets exist in many museums. Due to proscription of idols, Jewish amulets emphasize text and names—the shape, material or color of an amulet makes no difference.[1][2] See also Khamsa.

The Jewish tallis (Yiddish-Hebrew form; plural is talleisim), the prayer shawl with fringed corners and knotted tassels at each corner, is perhaps one of the world's oldest and most used talismanic objects. Originally intended to distinguish the Jews from pagans, as well as to remind them of God and Heaven, the prayer shawl is considered fascinating because of its name: it is very close to the term "talisman."[3]

In antiquity and the Middle Ages, most Jews, Christians and Muslims in the Orient believed in the protective and healing power of amulets and talismans. Talismans used by these peoples can be broken down into three main categories. The first are the types carried or worn on the body. The second version of a talisman is one which is hung upon the bed of an infirm person. The last classification of talisman is one with medicinal qualities. This latter category of magical item can be further divided into external and internal. In the former, one could, for example, place a magical amulet in a bath. The power of the amulet would be understood to be transmitted to the water, and thus to the bather. In the latter, magical inscriptions would be written or inscribed onto food, which was then boiled. The resulting broth, when consumed, would transfer the healing and magical qualities engraved on the food into the consumer.

There is also evidence that Jews, Christians, and Muslims used their holy books in a talisman-like manner in grave situations. For example, a bed-ridden and seriously ill person would have a holy book placed under part of the bed or cushion.[4]

Christian authorities have always been wary of amulets and other talismans.[5]

A little-known but well-worn amulet in the Jewish tradition is the kimiyah or "angel text". This consists of names of angels or Torah passages written on parchment squares by rabbinical scribes. The parchment is then placed in an ornate silver case and worn someplace on the body.[6]

The similarities between Jewish and Buddhist amulet traditions is striking. (see Buddhism below.)

In Afro-Caribbean syncretic religions like Voodoo, Umbanda, Quimbanda and Santería, drawings are also used as amulets, such as with the veves of Voodoo; these religions also take into account the colour of the candles they light, because each colour features a different effect of attraction or repulsion.

Perfumes and essences (like incense, myrrh, etc.) also serve the purposes of attraction or repulsion. Popular legends often attributed magical powers to certain unusual objects, such as a baby's caul or a rabbit's foot; possession of these items allegedly endowed their magical abilities upon their owners.

In Central Europe, people believed garlic kept vampires away, and so did a crucifix. The ancient Egyptians had many amulets for different occasions and needs, often with the figure of a god or the "ankh" (the key of eternal life); the figure of the scarab god Khepri became a common amulet too and has now gained renewed fame around the Western world.

For the ancient Scandinavians, Anglo-Saxons and Germans and currently for some Neopagan believers the rune Eoh (yew) protects against evil and witchcraft; a non-alphabetical rune representing Thor's hammer still offers protection against thieves in some places.

Deriving from the ancient Celts, the clover, if it has four leaves, symbolises good luck (not the Irish shamrock, which symbolises the Christian Trinity). In the celtic tradition a bag made from a crane skin (called a crane bag) symbolised treasure, a wheel symboled the sun, a boat also was a sun symbol, but also a death symbol (to the land of the dead), the raven was a symbol of death, the head was a symbol of wisdom as was the acorn and a well.

[[Image:Amulette-japonaise.jpg|thumb|right|An Omamori, a Japanese amulet].]

Corals, horseshoes and lucky bamboo also allegedly make good amulets.

Figures of elephants are said to attract good luck and money if one offers banknotes to them. In Arab countries a hand with an eye amid the palm and two thumbs (similar to a Hand of Fatima) serves as protection against evil.

In India and Tyrol, small bells make demons escape when they sound in the wind or when a door or window opens. Amulets are also worn on the upper right arm to protect the person wearing it. In fact this method was more popular in ancient India then wearing it as a pendant or around the neck.

Buddhism has a deep and ancient talismanic tradition. In the earliest days of Buddhism, just after the Buddha's death circa 485 B.C., amulets bearing the symbols of Buddhism were common. Symbols such as conch shells, the footprints of the Buddha, and others were commonly worn. After about the 2nd century B.C., Greeks began carving actual images of the Buddha. These were hungrily acquired by native Buddhists in India, and the tradition spread.[7]

Another aspect of amulets connects with demonology and demonolatry; these systems consider an inverted cross (not an upward cross, which drives demons away) or pentagram in downward position as favourable to communicate with demons and to show friendship towards them.

The Christian Copts used tattoos as protective amulets, and the Tuareg still use them, as do the Haida Canadian aborigines, who wear the totem of their clan tattooed. Many Thai Buddhist laypeople are tattoed with sacred Buddhist images, called sak yant (Thai: สักยันต์), and even monks are known to practice this form of spiritual protection. The only rule, as with Jewish talismans and amulets, is that such symbols may only be applied to the upper part of the body, between the bottom of the neck and the waistline.

During the tumultuous Plains Indians troubles in mid-19th century America, the Lakota Tribe adopted the Ghost Dance ritual, created by a Paiute Indian living in northwestern Oregon. Black Elk, the great Lakota Holy Man, received instructions on how to create a talismanic shirt that would protect the Lakota from the Greedy White Man's bullets. Tragically, the shirts failed to offer the Lakota any protection.

In addition to protection against supernatural powers, amulets are also used for protection against other people. For example, soldiers and those involved in other dangerous activities may use talismans to increase their luck. Carlist soldiers wore a medal of the Sacred Heart of Jesus with the inscription ¡Detente bala! ("Stop, bullet!").

Amulets can be found among people of every nation and social status. They can be seen in jewellery, artisan fairs, museums, shops, and homes.


Per amuleto si intende un qualunque oggetto utilizzato per superstizione, credendolo un "difensore" da mali o pericoli o per propiziarsi la fortuna. L'etimologia della parola è incerta. Potrebbe derivare dal latino a-molior (allontanare, tener lungi), o dal greco amulon, un "specie di focaccia" che si soleva offrire sugli altari o sulle tombe per rendersi propizi gli dei e gli spiriti dei trapassati. Sinonimo di "amuleto" è anche la parola talismano, che deriva dall'arabo telsaman (o tilsaman), "figura magica" o "oroscopo", che gli arabi presero dal greco telesmena, "cose consacrate", nome dato alle statue delle divinità pagane consacrate con operazioni di teurgia nel Basso Impero, che furono considerate come malefiche (nel XVI secolo si indicarono "talismani" i sacerdoti idolatri e i mussulmani).

Gli amuleti includono: gemme o semplici pietre, statue, monete, illustrazioni, pendenti, anelli, piante, animali, ecc.; anche frasi pronunciate in alcune occasioni: per esempio vade retro Satana (dal latino, "va indietro, Satana"), per cacciare il diavolo o la cattiva sorte. I primi amuleti utilizzati dagli uomini primitivi - per lo più cacciatori - venivano ricavati da ossa, denti o corna di animali, e davano al possessore un senso di sicurezza e fiducia nel proprio destino.